Prolactin Test

The prolactin test measures the level of the hormone Prolactin (PRL), which is produced by the pituitary gland. It is primarily indicated to investigate symptoms and conditions related to hyperprolactinemia (abnormally high prolactin levels) or to assess pituitary function.

The main indications for ordering a prolactin test include:

1. Inappropriate Milk Production (Galactorrhea)

• Investigating the cause of milky nipple discharge in an individual who is neither pregnant nor breastfeeding (occurs in both men and women).

2. Reproductive and Menstrual Problems (In Women)

• Irregular or Absent Menstrual Periods (Amenorrhea/Oligomenorrhea): High prolactin levels can interfere with the hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle.

• Infertility: High prolactin can suppress ovulation, making it difficult to conceive.

• Low Libido (Sex Drive).

3. Symptoms of Hypogonadism (In Men)

• Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence).

• Low Libido (Sex Drive).

• Infertility (due to reduced sperm count).

• Breast Enlargement (Gynecomastia).

4. Diagnosis and Monitoring of Pituitary Tumors

• Diagnosing a Prolactinoma: This is the most common cause of non-physiological hyperprolactinemia. A prolactinoma is a non-cancerous tumor of the pituitary gland that produces excessive prolactin.

• Investigating Symptoms of a Pituitary Mass: Ordering the test when a patient presents with symptoms that could be caused by a tumor pressing on surrounding tissues, such as:

  • Headaches

  • Vision problems (visual field defects)

• Monitoring Treatment: Checking prolactin levels regularly to see if treatment (usually medication) for a known prolactinoma is working or to check for recurrence after treatment.

5. Other Medical Conditions

• Evaluating pituitary function or as part of a workup for:

  • Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid).

  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).

  • Chronic Kidney Disease.

  • Liver Disease (Cirrhosis).