Colposcopy
Mayo Clinic Reference: Mayo Clinic's guide on what to expect during and after a colposcopy, and understanding results.
ACOG Reference: ACOG overview of colposcopy, its importance, clinical process, and follow-up.
WHO/IARC Reference: WHO/IARC's detailed manual on colposcopy and the treatment of cervical precancer.
Hysteroscopy Exam/Operative Hysteroscopy
A hysteroscopy is a procedure used to look inside the uterus in order to diagnose and treat causes of abnormal bleeding.
Mayo Clinic Reference: Mayo Clinic's guide to diagnosing and treating uterine polyps, which details hysteroscopy as a primary procedure.
NIH Reference: NIH clinical chapter on hysteroscopy explains indications, procedure steps, and risks.
Cleveland Clinic Reference: Cleveland Clinic's patient guide to hysteroscopy, including purpose, procedure, and risks.
Ovarian Cystectomy
Mayo Clinic Reference: Mayo Clinic covers ovarian cystectomy, including laparoscopic and open approaches for cyst removal.
NIH Reference: Peer-reviewed article on Ovarian Cysts, detailing cystectomy in the "Treatment/Management" section.
Cleveland Clinic Reference: Cleveland Clinic's detailed overview of ovarian cystectomy, types, and recovery.
Myomectomy (Fibroid Removal)
Mayo Clinic Reference: In-depth overview of myomectomy, options for fibroid removal, and recovery.
NIH Reference: NIH/PMC peer-reviewed systematic review: "Myomectomy: Choosing the Surgical Approach."
Cleveland Clinic Reference: Cleveland Clinic's guide to myomectomy, including reasons for the procedure and what to expect.
Hysterectomy (Uterus Removal)
Mayo Clinic Reference: Detailed explanation of Abdominal (Open) Hysterectomy and Laparoscopic Hysterectomy techniques, risks, and postoperative care.
NIH Reference: NIH/MedlinePlus patient guide to hysterectomy for cancer, fibroids, and other indications.
Cleveland Clinic Reference: Cleveland Clinic's comprehensive guide to hysterectomy types, procedures, and recovery.
Salpingo-Oophorectomy (Removal of Fallopian Tubes and/or Ovaries)
A salpingo-oophorectomy is the surgical removal of one or both fallopian tubes (salpingectomy) and ovaries (oophorectomy).
Mayo Clinic Reference: Clinical information on oophorectomy (ovary removal), which often includes salpingectomy.
NIH Reference: Surgical and clinical review of Oophorectomy (which includes salpingo-oophorectomy).
Cleveland Clinic Reference: Cleveland Clinic's page on oophorectomy, detailing the procedure, risks, and recovery.
Colporrhaphy (Vaginal repair for prolapse)
Colporrhaphy (also known as anterior-posterior repair) is a surgical procedure to repair a cystocele (prolapsed bladder) or rectocele (prolapsed rectum).
NIH Reference: NIH/MedlinePlus illustrated guide to Anterior Vaginal Wall Repair (Colporrhaphy).
Cleveland Clinic Reference: Cleveland Clinic's detailed guide to Anterior and Posterior Colporrhaphy.
Mayo Clinic Reference: Mayo Clinic's guide to surgical treatment for pelvic organ prolapse, which includes colporrhaphy.
Adhesiolysis (Pelvic region)
NIH Reference: NIH clinical chapter on Laparoscopic Adhesiolysis.
Cleveland Clinic Reference: Cleveland Clinic's overview of pelvic adhesions, detailing adhesiolysis under "Management and Treatment."
ASRM Reference: American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) committee opinion on postoperative pelvic adhesions.
Cervical Cerclage
NIH Reference: Peer-reviewed chapter on cervical incompetence and cerclage procedures.
Mayo Clinic Reference: Mayo Clinic’s guide on cervical cerclage (under "Diagnosis & treatment" for Incompetent Cervix).
ACOG Reference: ACOG's Practice Bulletin on the management of cervical insufficiency and cerclage.
Tubal Ligation (Permanent contraception)
Mayo Clinic Reference: Overview of procedure, effectiveness and risks from Mayo Clinic.
NIH Reference: Clinical chapter for healthcare providers covering tubal sterilization techniques.
ACOG Reference: ACOG's patient FAQ on Permanent Birth Control (Sterilization).
IUD Insertion & Removal (Long-acting contraception)
Mayo Clinic Reference: All about IUD types, insertion techniques and patient counseling.
NIH Reference: Clinical chapter outlining IUD uses, insertion, management of complications.
WHO Reference: WHO's specific guidelines on "Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use," including IUDs.
Contraceptive Implant (Long-acting contraception)
Mayo Clinic Reference: All about the contraceptive implant, insertion, and removal.
NIH Reference: NIH clinical review of Contraception, including subdermal implants.
ACOG Reference: ACOG's patient FAQ on Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC), including the implant.